Programa de manipulación de imágenes de GNU

User Manual

Legal Notice

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section enphrased GNU Free Documentation License.


Tabla de contenidos

Prefacio
1. Autores y contribuyentes del manual de usuario de GIMP
I. Primeros pasos
1. Introduction
1. Bienvenido al GIMP
1.1. Authors
1.2. The GIMP Help system
1.3. Features and Capabilities
2. ¿Qué hay nuevo en GIMP 2.10?
2.1. Updated user interface and initial HiDPI support
2.2. GEGL port, high bit depth support, multi-threading, and more
2.3. Linear color space workflow
2.4. Color management revamped
2.5. Layers and masks
2.6. More use for CIE LAB and CIE LCH
2.7. New and improved tools
2.8. Digital painting improvements
2.9. Digital photography improvements
2.10. Effects
2.11. Usability improvements
2.12. File formats support
2.13. Metadata viewing, editing, and preservation
2.14. On-canvas interaction
2.15. Simplified bug reporting and crash recovery
2.16. API changes
2.17. Roadmap and what's next
2. Fire up the GIMP
1. Ejecución de GIMP
1.1. Known Platforms
1.2. Language
1.3. Command Line Arguments
2. Iniciar GIMP por primera vez
2.1. Finally . . .
3. First Steps with Wilber
1. Conceptos básicos
2. Ventanas principales
2.1. La caja de herramientas
2.2. La ventana de la imagen
2.3. Diálogos y empotrables
3. Deshacer
3.1. Things That Cannot be Undone
4. Tareas comunes
4.1. Intention
4.2. Change the Size of an Image for the screen
4.3. Change the Size of an Image for print
4.4. Compressing Images
4.5. Crop An Image
4.6. Find Info About Your Image
4.7. Change the Mode
4.8. Flip An Image
4.9. Rotate An Image
4.10. Separating an Object From Its Background
5. Como dibujar líneas rectas
5.1. Intention
5.2. Examples
4. Getting Unstuck
1. Desatascarse
1.1. Stuck!
1.2. Common Causes of GIMP Non-Responsiveness
II. ¿Cómo convertirse en un mago del GIMP?
5. Getting Images into GIMP
1. Tipos de imágenes
2. Crear archivos nuevos
3. Abrir archivos
3.1. Open File
3.2. Open Location
3.3. Open Recent
3.4. Using External Programs
3.5. File Manager
3.6. Drag and Drop
3.7. Copy and Paste
3.8. Image Browser
6. Getting Images out of GIMP
1. Archivos
1.1. Save / Export Images
1.2. File Formats
2. Preparar sus imágenes para la web
2.1. Images with an Optimal Size/Quality Ratio
2.2. Reducing the File Size Even More
2.3. Saving Images with Transparency
7. Painting with GIMP
1. La selección
1.1. Feathering
1.2. Making a Selection Partially Transparent
2. Crear y usar selecciones
2.1. Moving a Selection
2.2. Adding or subtracting selections
3. La máscara rápida
3.1. Overview
3.2. Properties
4. Usar la máscara rápida
5. Rutas
5.1. Path Creation
5.2. Path Properties
5.3. Paths and Selections
5.4. Transforming Paths
5.5. Stroking a Path
5.6. Paths and Text
5.7. Paths and SVG files
6. Pinceles
7. Añadir pinceles nuevos
8. La caja de diálogo GIH
9. Variar el tamaño del pincel
9.1. How to vary the height of a brush
9.2. Creating a brush quickly
10. Degradados
11. Patrones
12. Paletas
12.1. Colormap
13. Preajustes
14. Dibujar objetos sencillos
14.1. Drawing a Straight Line
14.2. Creating a Basic Shape
8. Combining Images
1. Introducción a las capas
1.1. Layer Properties
2. Modos de capa
3. Crear capas nuevas
4. Grupos de capas
9. Text Management
1. Gestión del texto
1.1. Text Area
1.2. Managing Text Layer
1.3. Text Toolbox
1.4. Text Context Menu
2. Texto
2.1. Embellishing Text
2.2. Adding Fonts
2.3. Font Problems
10. Enhancing Photographs
1. Trabajar con fotografías de cámaras digitales
1.1. Introduction
1.2. Improving Composition
1.3. Improving Colors
1.4. Adjusting Sharpness
1.5. Removing Unwanted Objects from an Image
1.6. Saving Your Results
11. Color Management with GIMP
1. Gestión del color en GIMP
1.1. Problems of a non Color Managed Workflow
1.2. Introduction to a Color Managed Workflow
12. Enrich my GIMP
1. Preferences Dialog
1.1. Introduction
1.2. System Resources
1.3. Color Management
1.4. Playground
1.5. Tool Options
1.6. Default Image Preferences
1.7. Default Image Grid
1.8. Interface
1.9. Theme
1.10. Theme
1.11. Toolbox
1.12. Dialog Defaults
1.13. Help System
1.14. Display
1.15. Window Management
1.16. Image Windows
1.17. Image Window Appearance
1.18. Image Window Title and Statusbar
1.19. Image Window Snapping Behavior
1.20. Input Devices
1.21. Input Controllers
1.22. Folders
1.23. Data Folders
2. Rejillas y guías
2.1. The Image Grid
2.2. Guides
3. Crear una rejilla
4. Cómo ajustar su caché de mosaico
5. Crear atajos de teclado para las funciones del menú
6. Personalizar la pantalla de inicio
13. Scripting
1. Complementos
1.1. Introduction
1.2. Using Plugins
1.3. Installing New Plugins
1.4. Writing Plugins
2. Uso de guiones Script-Fu
2.1. Script-Fu?
2.2. Installing Script-Fus
2.3. Do's and Don'ts
2.4. Different Kinds Of Script-Fus
2.5. Standalone Scripts
2.6. Image-Dependent Scripts
3. Un tutorial de Script-Fu
3.1. Getting Acquainted With Scheme
3.2. Variables And Functions
3.3. Lists, Lists And More Lists
3.4. Your First Script-Fu Script
3.5. Giving Our Script Some Guts
3.6. Extending The Text Box Script
3.7. Your script and its working
III. Referencia de funciones
14. Tools
1. La caja de herramientas
1.1. Introduction
1.2. Tool Icons
1.3. Áreas de indicaciones y de colores
1.4. Tool Options
2. Herramientas de selección
2.1. Common Features
2.2. Rectangle Selection
2.3. Ellipse Selection
2.4. Free Selection (Lasso)
2.5. Fuzzy selection (Magic wand)
2.6. Select By Color
2.7. Intelligent Scissors
2.8. Foreground Select
3. Herramientas de pintura
3.1. Common Features
3.2. Dynamics
3.3. Brush Tools (Pencil, Paintbrush, Airbrush)
3.4. Bucket Fill
3.5. Gradient
3.6. Pencil
3.7. Paintbrush
3.8. MyPaint Brush
3.9. Eraser
3.10. Airbrush
3.11. Ink
3.12. Clone
3.13. Heal
3.14. Perspective Clone
3.15. Blur/Sharpen
3.16. Smudge
3.17. Dodge/Burn
4. Herramientas de transformación
4.1. Common Features
4.2. Align
4.3. Move
4.4. Crop
4.5. Rotate
4.6. Scale
4.7. Shear
4.8. Perspective
4.9. Unified Transform
4.10. Handle Transform
4.11. Flip
4.12. The Cage Tool
4.13. Warp Transform
5. Otras
5.1. Overview
5.2. Rutas
5.3. Recoge-color
5.4. Ampliación
5.5. Medida
5.6. Texto
5.7. Operación GEGL
15. Dialogs
1. Introducción a los diálogos
2. Diálogos relacionados con la estructura de la imagen
2.1. Diálogo de capas
2.2. Diálogo de canales
2.3. Diálogo de rutas
2.4. Diálogo Mapa de colores
2.5. Diálogo del histograma
2.6. Diálogo de navegación
2.7. Diálogo historial de deshacer
3. Diálogos relacionados con el contenido de la imagen
3.1. Diálogo color PP/SP
3.2. Diálogo de pinceles
3.3. Diálogo de Patrones
3.4. Diálogo de degradados
3.5. Diálogo de paletas
3.6. Etiquetado
3.7. Diálogo de tipografías
4. Diálogos relativos a la gestión de la imagen
4.1. Diálogo de búferes
4.2. Diálogo Imágenes
4.3. Diálogo «Histórico del documento»
4.4. Diálogo de plantillas
5. Otros diálogos
5.1. Diálogo de la herramienta de preajustes
5.2. Editor de la herramienta de preajustes
5.3. Diálogo de estado del dispositivo
5.4. Consola de errores
5.5. Guardar archivo
5.6. Exportar archivo
5.7. Diálogo de puntos de muestra
5.8. Diálogo del puntero
5.9. Symmetry Painting dialog
16. Menus
1. Introducción a los menús
1.1. The Image Menu Bar
1.2. Context Menus
1.3. Tear-off menus
1.4. Tab menus
2. El menú Archivo
2.1. Overview
2.2. New…
2.3. Create
2.4. Open…
2.5. Open as Layers…
2.6. Open Location…
2.7. Open Recent
2.8. Save
2.9. Save as…
2.10. Save a Copy…
2.11. Revert
2.12. Export…
2.13. Export As…
2.14. Create Template…
2.15. Print
2.16. Send by Email
2.17. Copy Image Location
2.18. Show in File Manager
2.19. Close
2.20. Close all
2.21. Quit
3. El menú Editar
3.1. Edit Menu Entries
3.2. Undo
3.3. Redo
3.4. Fade
3.5. Undo History
3.6. Cut
3.7. Copy
3.8. Copy Visible
3.9. Paste
3.10. Paste Into Selection
3.11. Paste In Place
3.12. Paste Into Selection In Place
3.13. Paste as
3.14. Buffer
3.15. Clear
3.16. Fill with FG Color
3.17. Fill with BG Color
3.18. Fill with Pattern
3.19. Fill Selection Outline
3.20. Fill Path
3.21. Stroke Selection
3.22. Stroke Path
3.23. The Preferences Command
3.24. Keyboard Shortcuts
3.25. Modules
3.26. Units
4. El menú Seleccionar
4.1. Introduction to the Select Menu
4.2. Select All
4.3. None
4.4. Invert
4.5. Float
4.6. By Color
4.7. From Path
4.8. Selection Editor
4.9. Feather
4.10. Sharpen
4.11. Shrink
4.12. Grow
4.13. Border
4.14. Remove Holes
4.15. Distort
4.16. Rounded Rectangle
4.17. Toggle QuickMask
4.18. Save to Channel
4.19. To Path
5. El menú Ver
5.1. Introduction to the View Menu
5.2. New View
5.3. Dot for Dot
5.4. Zoom
5.5. Flip and Rotate (0°)
5.6. Shrink Wrap
5.7. Full Screen
5.8. Navigation Window
5.9. Display Filters
5.10. Color Management
5.11. Show Selection
5.12. Show Layer Boundary
5.13. Show Guides
5.14. Show Grid
5.15. Show Sample Points
5.16. Snap to Guides
5.17. Snap to Grid
5.18. Snap to Canvas
5.19. Snap to Active Path
5.20. Padding Color
5.21. Show Menubar
5.22. Show Rulers
5.23. Show Scrollbars
5.24. Show Statusbar
6. El menú Imagen
6.1. Overview
6.2. Duplicate
6.3. Mode
6.4. RGB mode
6.5. Grayscale mode
6.6. Indexed mode
6.7. Precision
6.8. Color Management
6.9. Enable Color Management
6.10. Assign Color Profile
6.11. Convert to Color Profile
6.12. Discard Color Profile
6.13. Save Color Profile to File
6.14. Transform
6.15. Flip Horizontally; Flip Vertically
6.16. Rotation
6.17. Slice Using Guides
6.18. Canvas Size
6.19. Fit Canvas to Layers
6.20. Fit Canvas to Selection
6.21. Print Size
6.22. Scale Image
6.23. Crop Image
6.24. Zealous Crop
6.25. Merge Visible Layers
6.26. Flatten Image
6.27. Align Visible Layers…
6.28. Guides
6.29. New Guide
6.30. New Guide (by Percent)
6.31. New Guides from Selection
6.32. Remove all guides
6.33. Configure Grid…
6.34. Image Properties
7. El menú Capa
7.1. Introduction to the Layer Menu
7.2. New Layer
7.3. New Layer Group
7.4. New From Visible
7.5. Duplicate layer
7.6. Anchor layer
7.7. Merge Down
7.8. Delete Layer
7.9. The Text Commands of the Layer Menu
7.10. Discard Text Information
7.11. Stack Submenu
7.12. Select Previous Layer
7.13. Select Next Layer
7.14. Select Top Layer
7.15. Select Bottom Layer
7.16. Raise Layer
7.17. Lower Layer
7.18. Layer to Top
7.19. Layer to Bottom
7.20. The Reverse Layer Order command
7.21. The Mask Submenu
7.22. Add Layer Mask
7.23. Apply Layer Mask
7.24. Delete Layer Mask
7.25. Show Layer Mask
7.26. Edit Layer Mask
7.27. Disable Layer Mask
7.28. Mask to Selection
7.29. Add Layer Mask to Selection
7.30. Subtract Layer Mask from Selection
7.31. Intersect Layer Mask with Selection
7.32. The Transparency Submenu of the Layer menu
7.33. Add Alpha Channel
7.34. Remove Alpha Channel
7.35. Color to Alpha
7.36. Semi-flatten
7.37. Threshold Alpha
7.38. Alpha to Selection
7.39. Add Alpha channel to Selection
7.40. Subtract from Selection
7.41. Intersect Alpha channel with Selection
7.42. The Transform Submenu
7.43. Flip Horizontally
7.44. Flip Vertically
7.45. Rotate 90° clockwise
7.46. Rotate 90° counter-clockwise
7.47. Rotate 180°
7.48. Arbitrary Rotation
7.49. Offset
7.50. Layer Boundary Size
7.51. Layer to Image Size
7.52. Scale Layer
7.53. Crop Layer
8. El menú Colores
8.1. Introduction to the Colors Menu
8.2. Color Balance
8.3. Color Temperature
8.4. Hue Chroma
8.5. Hue-Saturation
8.6. Saturation
8.7. Exposure
8.8. Shadows-Highlights
8.9. Brightness-Contrast
8.10. Levels
8.11. Curves
8.12. Invert
8.13. Linear Invert
8.14. Value Invert
8.15. The Auto Submenu
8.16. Ecualizar
8.17. Balance de blancos
8.18. Realzar color
8.19. Realzar color (heredado)
8.20. Normalizar
8.21. Estirar el contraste
8.22. Estirar HSV
8.23. The Components Submenu
8.24. Mezclador de canales
8.25. Componer
8.26. Extraer componente
8.27. Mezclador mono
8.28. Descomponer
8.29. Recomponer
8.30. Color to Gray
8.31. Desaturar
8.32. Sepia
8.33. The Map Submenu
8.34. Reordenar el mapa de colores
8.35. Establecer el mapa de colores
8.36. Mapa alienígena
8.37. Intercambio de color
8.38. Rotar los colores
8.39. Mapa de degradado
8.40. Mapa de paleta
8.41. Colorear desde muestra
8.42. Fattal y otros, 2002
8.43. Mantiuk 2006
8.44. Reinhard 2005
8.45. Estrés
8.46. Retinex
8.47. The Info Submenu
8.48. Histograma
8.49. Promedio del borde
8.50. Análisis del cubo de color
8.51. Exportar histograma
8.52. Suavizar paleta
8.53. Threshold
8.54. Colorize
8.55. Posterize
8.56. Color to Alpha…
8.57. Dither
8.58. RGB Clip
8.59. Hot…
9. El menú Herramientas
9.1. Introduction to the Tools Menu
10. El menú Filtros
10.1. Introduction to the Filters Menu
10.2. Repeat Last
10.3. Re-show Last
10.4. Reset All Filters
10.5. The Python-Fu Submenu
10.6. The Script-Fu Submenu
11. Menú Ventanas
12. El menú Ayuda
12.1. Introduction to the Help Menu
12.2. Help
12.3. Context Help
12.4. Tip of the Day
12.5. About
12.6. Plug-In Browser
12.7. The Procedure Browser
12.8. GIMP online
17. Filters
1. Introducción
2. Características comunes
3. Filtros de desenfoque
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Gaussian Blur
3.3. Median Blur
3.4. Pixelize
3.5. Selective Gaussian Blur
3.6. Circular Motion Blur
3.7. Linear Motion Blur
3.8. Zoom Motion Blur
3.9. Tileable Blur
4. Filtros de realzar
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Antialias
4.3. Deinterlace
4.4. High Pass
4.5. Noise Reduction
4.6. Red Eye Removal
4.7. Symmetric Nearest Neighbor
4.8. Sharpen (Unsharp Mask)
4.9. Despeckle
4.10. Destripe
4.11. NL Filter
4.12. Wavelet Decompose
5. Filtros de distorsiones
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Apply Lens
5.3. Emboss
5.4. Engrave
5.5. Lens Distortion
5.6. Mosaic
5.7. Polar Coordinates
5.8. Ripple
5.9. Shift
5.10. Spherize
5.11. Value Propagate
5.12. Video
5.13. Waves
5.14. Whirl and Pinch
5.15. Wind
5.16. Curve Bend
5.17. Emboss (legacy)
5.18. Newsprint
5.19. Page Curl
6. Filtro de luces y sombras
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Supernova
6.3. Lens Flare
6.4. Gradient Flare
6.5. Lighting Effects
6.6. Sparkle
6.7. Drop Shadow
6.8. Long Shadow
6.9. Vignette
6.10. Drop Shadow
6.11. Perspective
6.12. Xach-Effect
7. Filtros de ruido
7.1. Introduction
7.2. CIE lch Noise
7.3. HSV Noise
7.4. Hurl
7.5. Pick
7.6. RGB Noise
7.7. Slur
7.8. Spread
8. Filtros de detectar bordes
8.1. Introduction
8.2. Difference of Gaussians
8.3. Edge
8.4. Laplace
8.5. Neon
8.6. Sobel
9. Filtros genéricos
9.1. Introduction
9.2. Convolution Matrix
9.3. Distance Map
9.4. GEGL graph
9.5. Dilate
9.6. Erode
10. Filtros de combinar
10.1. Introduction
10.2. Depth Merge
10.3. Filmstrip
11. Filtros artísticos
11.1. Introduction
11.2. Apply Canvas
11.3. Cartoon
11.4. Cubism
11.5. Glass Tile
11.6. Oilify
11.7. Photocopy
11.8. Simple Linear Iterative Clustering (SLIC)
11.9. Softglow
11.10. Waterpixels
11.11. Cartoon (legacy)
11.12. Clothify
11.13. GIMPressionist
11.14. Oilify (legacy)
11.15. Predator
11.16. Softglow (legacy)
11.17. Van Gogh (LIC)
11.18. Weave
12. Filtros de decoración
12.1. Introduction
12.2. Add Bevel
12.3. Add Border
12.4. Coffee Stain
12.5. Fog
12.6. Fuzzy Border
12.7. Old Photo
12.8. Round Corners
12.9. Slide
12.10. Stencil Carve
12.11. Stencil Chrome
13. Filtros de mapa
13.1. Introduction
13.2. Bump Map
13.3. Displace
13.4. Fractal Trace
13.5. Illusion
13.6. Little Planet
13.7. Panorama Projection
13.8. Recursive Transform
13.9. Paper Tile
13.10. Tile Seamless
13.11. Fractal Trace (legacy)
13.12. Map Object
13.13. Tile
14. Filtros de renderizado
14.1. Introduction
14.2. Flame
14.3. Fractal Explorer
14.4. IFS Fractal
14.5. Cell Noise
14.6. Perlin Noise
14.7. Plasma
14.8. Simplex Noise
14.9. Solid Noise
14.10. Difference Clouds
14.11. Checkerboard
14.12. Diffraction Patterns
14.13. Grid
14.14. Maze
14.15. Sinus
14.16. Checkerboard (legacy)
14.17. CML Explorer
14.18. Grid (legacy)
14.19. Jigsaw
14.20. Qbist
14.21. Circuit
14.22. Gfig
14.23. Lava
14.24. Line Nova
14.25. Sphere Designer
14.26. Spyrogimp
15. Filtros web
15.1. Introduction
15.2. ImageMap
15.3. Semi-Flatten
15.4. Slice
16. Filtros de animación
16.1. Introduction
16.2. Blend
16.3. Burn-In
16.4. Rippling
16.5. Spinning Globe
16.6. Waves
16.7. Optimize
16.8. Playback
I. Teclas de Referencia
Help — Key reference for Help menu
Tools — Key reference for the Tools menu
File — Key reference for the File menu
Dialogs — Key reference for Dockable Dialogs submenu
View — Key reference for View menu
Edit — Key reference for Edit menu
Layer — Key reference for Layer menu
Select — Key reference for Select menu
Filters — Key reference for Filters menu
Zoom tool — Key reference for the Zoom tool submenu
Glosario
Bibliografía
A. Historia de GIMP
1. The Very Beginning
2. The Early Days of GIMP
3. The One to Change the World
4. Versión 2.0
5. ¿Qué hay nuevo en GIMP 2.2?
6. ¿Qué hay nuevo en GIMP 2.4?
7. ¿Qué hay nuevo en GIMP 2.6?
8. ¿Qué hay nuevo en GIMP 2.8?
B. Informar de errores y solicitar mejoras
1. Making sure it's a Bug
2. Reporting the Bug
3. What Happens to a Bug Report after you Submit it
C. Cómo contribuir
1. Prerequisites
1.1. Join our mailing list
1.2. Create a Local Working Copy of Code
1.3. Installing your sandbox
1.4. The gimp-help folder
2. Workflow
2.1. Writing
2.2. Validating
2.3. Images
2.4. Create HTML Files
2.5. Sending your files
3. Annexes
4. Working under Windows
4.1. Adapting Cygwin to use with GIMP documentation tools
D. Tone Mapping and Shadow Recovery Using GIMP’s ‘Colors/Exposure’
1. High bit depth GIMP’s floating point “Colors/Exposure”: much better than Curves for lightening the shadows and midtones of an image without blowing the highlights
2. A step-by-step example showing how to recover shadow information using high bit depth GIMP’s floating point “Colors/Exposure”
3. Use Notes
4. Conclusion
E. Licencia de documentación libre de GNU
1. PREAMBLE
2. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
3. VERBATIM COPYING
4. COPYING IN QUANTITY
5. MODIFICATIONS
6. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
7. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
8. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
9. TRANSLATION
10. TERMINATION
11. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
12. ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
F. Eeek! Falta un archivo de la ayuda
Índice